FlowDiagram
399+ templates · 30 categories

Diagram templates

Click any template to open it as a real, editable diagram in FlowDiagram — not a screenshot. Nothing is uploaded and nothing is stored; the diagram opens straight into a new page you can restyle, extend and export as your own.

Flowcharts & process

Decision trees, approval chains and step-by-step processes.

Software & system architecture

Integration landscapes, microservices and C4-style context diagrams.

Shopify storefr…Stripe paymentKafka order eve…SAP S/4HANA sal…Credit check…Order on cre…

Order-to-cash integration landscape

Six systems, left to right — drop in real vendor logos afterward.

Mermaid
ClientAPI gatewayAuth serviceToken cacheOrders servi…Orders DB

Microservices with a message queue

Services decoupled through a broker instead of calling each other directly.

Mermaid
BrowserDNSCDN edgeCache hit?Web applicat…Load balancer

One request through a stack

Where a request actually goes, caches and queue included.

Mermaid
Retail custo…Web banking…Mobile banki…Support agentAgent consoleInternet Ban…

System context diagram (C4-style)

One system, its users and the external systems it depends on.

Mermaid
Orders servi…Event busPayments ser…Shipping ser…Schema regis…Analytics co…

Event-driven architecture

Producers, an event bus, and independent consumers.

Mermaid
UsersDNSCDN static a…Load balancerWeb server 1Web server 2

Three-tier web application

The classic web, app and database tier split.

Mermaid
Tenant usersCustom domai…API gatewayIdentity ser…Tenant SSO /…Tenant resol…

Multi-tenant SaaS architecture

Shared services with per-tenant data isolation.

Mermaid
UserAgent host a…LLM: plannin…Short & long…Tool needed?MCP client

Agentic AI architecture with MCP

An agent host calling tools and data through Model Context Protocol servers, with planning, memory, human approval and audit — the pattern behind current AI agents.

Mermaid
Web: Next.jsEdge CDN & f…Mobile appAPI orchestrati…Headless com…Headless CMS

Composable commerce (MACH) architecture

Microservices, API-first, cloud-native SaaS and headless: best-of-breed commerce, CMS, search and payments behind a frontend and orchestration layer.

Mermaid
On-prem broker:…Dynamic even…AWS broker regi…Azure broker re…SaaS webhook…Event catalo…

Enterprise event mesh architecture

Connected event brokers across on-prem, clouds and SaaS so events route anywhere with a shared catalog and governance.

Mermaid
ShoppersCDN & WAFNext.js stor…Backend for…Catalogue se…Search servi…

E-commerce platform architecture

Storefront, catalogue, cart, checkout, payments, search and fulfilment services around an event bus — the reference picture for a modern online store.

Mermaid
Driver appsWebSocket gatew…Rider appsAPI gatewayLocation ing…Kafka location…

Real-time dispatch system architecture

Location ingestion, geo-indexing, matching and pricing for a ride-hailing or delivery platform.

Mermaid
ClientsLoad balancerWebSocket node 1WebSocket node 2Pub/sub: RedisMessage service

Real-time chat application architecture

Presence, message fan-out, persistence and push notifications for a Slack- or WhatsApp-style messaging product.

Mermaid
CreatorsUpload servi…Raw video st…Transcode jo…Transcoding…Packaging &…

Video streaming platform architecture

Upload, transcode, catalogue, recommendation and playback components of a Netflix/YouTube-style service.

Mermaid
REST control…Inbound port…CLI adapterMessage cons…Inbound port…Application…

Hexagonal (ports & adapters) architecture

How a service isolates domain logic from HTTP, messaging and databases through ports and adapters — useful when explaining clean architecture to a team.

Mermaid
ClientCommand APICommand vali…Reject with…Load aggrega…Event store

CQRS with event sourcing

Commands append events to an event store; projections build read models — the pattern for audit-heavy domains like banking and ledgers.

Mermaid
Web appAPI gatewayMobile appPartner syst…Auth & token…Rate limitin…

API gateway with backend-for-frontend

Separate BFFs for web, mobile and partners behind one gateway, with auth, rate limiting and aggregation.

Mermaid
Ingress gatewayService ASidecar prox…Sidecar prox…Service BSidecar prox…

Service mesh architecture

Sidecar proxies handling mTLS, retries and telemetry between microservices, managed by a control plane.

Mermaid
Product serv…Notification…Valid & not…Drop & logUser prefere…Template ren…

Notification system architecture

A multi-channel notification platform: templates, user preferences, rate limiting, providers and delivery tracking.

Mermaid
UserLoad balancerWrite APIID generator…Key-value st…Visitor

URL shortener system design

The classic system-design interview: ID generation, redirect path, caching and click analytics.

Mermaid
RequestGateway extr…Load rule fo…Atomic token-bu…Tokens avail…Decrement &…

Distributed rate limiter design

Token-bucket rate limiting at the gateway with a shared counter store, rules config and headers.

Mermaid
Source datab…Change data…KafkaEnrichment:…IndexerSearch clust…

Site search architecture

Indexing pipeline, query service, ranking and analytics for an in-product search feature.

Mermaid
Merchant che…Hosted field…PCI card vau…Payments APIIdempotency…Return previ…

Payment gateway architecture

Tokenisation, routing across acquirers, 3-D Secure, idempotency and ledger — how a payments platform is structured.

Mermaid
DevicesMQTT brokerDevice auth…Rules engineTime-series…Alerting

IoT platform architecture

Device connectivity, rules engine, digital twin, time-series storage and apps for a connected-device product.

Mermaid
UsersRouting faca…Route migrat…Legacy monol…New servicesLegacy datab…

Strangler-fig migration from a monolith

Routing traffic from a legacy monolith to new microservices one capability at a time.

Mermaid
Tenant adminsControl plane A…Onboarding &…Billing & me…Identity & S…Tenant catal…

SaaS control plane & data plane

Separating tenant management, provisioning and billing from per-tenant runtime cells.

Mermaid
iOS & Android a…Auth: OAuth…CDN for imag…GraphQL APIRemote confi…Crash report…

Mobile app backend architecture

Auth, API, sync, push, feature flags, crash reporting and analytics behind a consumer mobile app.

Mermaid
UserChat UIOrchestratorInput guardr…Conversation…Retriever

AI assistant product architecture

An LLM-powered assistant with retrieval, tools, guardrails, memory and evaluation — the reference stack for GenAI features.

Mermaid
CustomerBooking APIAvailability…Availability…Inventory DBHold service…

Booking & reservation system architecture

Availability search, holds with expiry, payment and confirmation for hotels, tickets or appointments.

Mermaid
Global usersLatency-base…EU regionUS regionApp tier EUApp tier US

Multi-region active-active architecture

Serving users from two regions at once with global routing, conflict-free replication and regional failover.

Mermaid

Middleware & enterprise integration

SAP, Salesforce, ServiceNow, Workday and ERP integrations through MuleSoft, SAP Integration Suite, Boomi, Azure Integration Services, Kafka and EDI — the integration landscapes enterprise architects draw.

Salesforce Sale…Experience A…Process API:…System API: SAP…System API: Sal…SAP S/4HANA

SAP ↔ Salesforce integration via MuleSoft

API-led integration: Salesforce accounts, quotes and orders sync with SAP S/4HANA customers, pricing, sales orders and invoices through MuleSoft system, process and experience APIs.

Mermaid
SAP S/4HANASAP Event MeshIntegration Sui…Message mapp…Salesforce adap…Salesforce Sale…

SAP ↔ Salesforce via SAP Integration Suite (CPI)

SAP BTP Integration Suite iFlows moving business partners, materials, pricing and orders between S/4HANA and Salesforce, with Event Mesh for near-real-time updates.

Mermaid
SalesforceBoomi Atom / Mo…Boomi Master Da…Golden custo…SAP connector:…SAP ECC

Salesforce ↔ SAP ERP via Boomi

Boomi processes syncing accounts, products, quotes and order status between Salesforce and SAP ECC, with Master Data Hub for golden customer records.

Mermaid
WebExperience A…MobileExperience A…PartnersExperience A…

API-led connectivity (three layers)

The system, process and experience API layering used by MuleSoft and most API programmes to decouple channels from back-ends.

Mermaid
SAP ERPSAP adapterCRMCRM adapterMainframeMQ adapter

Enterprise service bus (hub-and-spoke)

A classic ESB: adapters, canonical data model, routing, transformation and orchestration between legacy and packaged applications.

Mermaid
Partners & a…API ManagementLogic App: o…Service Bus que…Logic App: SAP…On-premises…

Azure Integration Services

API Management, Logic Apps, Service Bus, Event Grid and Functions connecting SaaS, SAP and on-prem systems.

Mermaid
Salesforce CPQiPaaS recipe…Upsert customer…Create sales…NetSuite ERPUpdate Salesfor…

Salesforce ↔ NetSuite via iPaaS (Celigo / Workato)

Quote-to-cash between Salesforce CPQ and NetSuite: customers, items, sales orders, fulfilments, invoices and payments synced by recipes.

Mermaid
ServiceNow inci…Assignment g…Stays in ITSMIntegration…Field & stat…Jira bug created

ServiceNow ↔ Jira bidirectional sync

Incidents escalated from ServiceNow to engineering in Jira with status, comments and attachments kept in sync both ways.

Mermaid
Trading part…B2B gateway997 / CONTRL…EDI translat…X12 / EDIFAC…Reject & not…

EDI / B2B trading partner integration

Purchase orders, advance ship notices and invoices exchanged with retailers and suppliers over AS2 or VAN, translated into ERP documents.

Mermaid
PostgresDebezium source…OracleCDC source c…SalesforceSalesforce CDC…

Kafka Connect integration hub

Source and sink connectors turning Kafka into the integration backbone between databases, SaaS apps, the warehouse and search.

Mermaid
SAP S/4HANACDS views /…SAP ECCSLT real-time r…Extraction r…Fivetran / Qlik…

SAP to Snowflake data extraction

Getting SAP S/4HANA or ECC data into Snowflake: ODP/CDS extraction, SLT replication, or SAP Datasphere, landing into a modelled warehouse.

Mermaid
Workday HCMWorkday Studio…Integration…Map org, cos…SAP payroll / E…Payroll run

Workday HCM ↔ SAP payroll & finance

Worker data from Workday to SAP payroll, and payroll postings back into the SAP general ledger, via Workday Studio or an iPaaS.

Mermaid
Message rece…Seen this me…Discard dupl…Validate sch…Valid?Invalid mess…

Integration error handling & retry pattern

The reliability pattern every middleware flow needs: idempotency, retries with backoff, dead-letter queues, replay and alerting.

Mermaid
SalesforceCloud iPaaS con…WorkdayServiceNowOn-prem runt…SAP ECC

Hybrid integration platform (cloud + on-prem)

Cloud iPaaS for SaaS integration, on-prem runtime agents next to legacy systems, managed file transfer and API management in one platform.

Mermaid

Data pipelines & ETL

Ingestion, transformation and warehouse loading diagrams.

SalesforceFivetranPostgres OLTPS3 event filesSnowpipeSnowflake RAW

Nightly ELT pipeline

Three sources, one loader, a warehouse and a transform step.

Mermaid
App eventsProducer SDKIoT sensorsMQTT bridgeKafka raw topicSchema regis…

Kafka event streaming pipeline

Producers into topics, consumed by stream processing and storage.

Mermaid
ERPIngestion jo…CRMEvent streamBronze: raw,…Quality chec…

Medallion (bronze/silver/gold) warehouse

The standard lakehouse layering pattern.

Mermaid
ERP nightly…SFTP landing…CRM CSV extr…All files ar…Wait & retry…Load to stag…

Batch ETL to a data warehouse

Classic extract-transform-load with a staging area.

Mermaid
ApplicationProduction Post…Write-ahead…Debezium connec…Schema regis…Kafka change to…

Change data capture (CDC) replication

Database changes streamed to a warehouse in near real time.

Mermaid
Raw eventsCleaning jobCustomer tab…Feature engi…Feature drif…Alert ML team

ML feature engineering pipeline

Raw data to a feature store used by training and serving.

Mermaid
Source feedLand raw fileSchema match…Reject & not…Load to stag…Null & range…

Data pipeline with quality gates

Validation steps that can halt the pipeline before bad data lands.

Mermaid
AppsImmutable event…DevicesCDC from dat…Stream processo…Serving view…

Kappa architecture

One streaming path for everything: an immutable log, stream processors for all transformations, and reprocessing by replaying the log instead of a separate batch layer.

Mermaid
Relational data…Sqoop batch…Log filesFlume / NiFiEventsKafka

Big data architecture (Hadoop ecosystem)

The classic on-prem big-data stack: HDFS, YARN, Hive, Spark, HBase, Kafka, Sqoop and Oozie, with Ranger security.

Mermaid
Sources: DBs…Ingestion: Spar…Object stora…Table format: I…Hive metastore…Spark on Kubern…

Spark big data processing platform

Object storage, Spark on Kubernetes, table formats, a metastore, a query engine and orchestration — the cloud-native successor to Hadoop.

Mermaid
Web & mobileEvent collec…ServicesKafkaOperational…Debezium CDC

Real-time analytics (Kafka, Flink, Pinot)

Sub-second user-facing analytics: events into Kafka, Flink enrichment and aggregation, Apache Pinot or Druid for serving, and a lake for history.

Mermaid
Apps & IoTKinesis Data St…Amazon MSKManaged Service…OpenSearch: liv…Timestream

AWS real-time analytics

Kinesis Data Streams, Managed Service for Apache Flink, Firehose, OpenSearch, Timestream and Redshift streaming ingestion.

Mermaid
DevicesIoT HubAppsEvent HubsFabric Eventstr…Stream Analy…

Azure real-time analytics

Event Hubs and IoT Hub into Fabric Real-Time Intelligence (Eventstream, Eventhouse/KQL), Stream Analytics, Data Activator and Power BI.

Mermaid
Apps & devic…Pub/SubCloud SQL / All…Datastream CDCDataflow stream…BigQuery: strea…

Google Cloud real-time analytics

Pub/Sub, Dataflow streaming, BigQuery streaming and continuous queries, Bigtable for serving, and Looker.

Mermaid
SaaS appsFivetran / Airb…DatabasesEvent tracki…Snowflake / Big…dbt transformat…

Modern data stack

Managed ELT, cloud warehouse, dbt, semantic layer, BI, reverse ETL, orchestration and observability — the typical 2020s analytics stack.

Mermaid
KafkaFlink streaming…Database CDCSpark batch jobsIceberg tables…REST catalog: P…

Streaming lakehouse (Apache Iceberg)

Streams and batch landing in the same Iceberg tables, queried by several engines through one open catalog.

Mermaid
ERPConnectors &…CRMData lakeCloud warehouseActive metad…

Data fabric architecture

A metadata-driven layer over distributed sources: active metadata, knowledge graph, virtualisation, governance and self-service delivery.

Mermaid
OLTP databas…Auto Loader…Partner files i…Event hub / Kaf…Structured s…Bronze Delta

Lakehouse platform (Delta Lake)

Batch and streaming ingestion into bronze/silver/gold Delta tables with Unity Catalog governance and BI, ML and SQL consumers.

Mermaid
Web & appEvent collec…Schema valid?Invalid even…Kafka rawFlink: sessioni…

Real-time analytics pipeline

Clickstream events to sub-second dashboards: collection, validation, stream processing and OLAP.

Mermaid
Product DB,…ELT loaderWarehouse rawdbt modelsCustomer 360…Product-qual…

Reverse ETL to business tools

Warehouse models synced back into CRM, marketing and support tools so teams act on the same data.

Mermaid
Self-serve d…Orders domai…Data product…Customers do…Data product…Marketing do…

Data mesh with domain data products

Domain teams own and publish data products on a self-serve platform, governed by federated policies.

Mermaid
02:00 schedu…Wait for ups…Arrived by 0…SLA miss ale…Extract CRMExtract bill…

Orchestrated daily pipeline (Airflow DAG)

A daily DAG with sensors, parallel extracts, transforms, tests, and SLA alerting — how most batch pipelines are scheduled.

Mermaid
Feature storeData validat…Alert & stopTraining pip…Evaluate vs…Better?

MLOps end-to-end pipeline

Data validation, training, registry, deployment and monitoring with automatic retraining.

Mermaid
ApplicationsLog agents:…Kubernetes nodesLoad balancersKafka bufferParse & norm…

Log collection & analytics pipeline

Application and infrastructure logs shipped, parsed, enriched, stored in tiers and searched.

Mermaid
Web analyticsStagingApp eventsCRM contactsSupport tick…In-store pur…

Customer 360 & identity resolution

Stitching customer identities across web, app, CRM and support into one golden record.

Mermaid
DevicesIoT hubRaw telemetr…Decode binar…Plausible va…Sensor fault…

IoT telemetry data pipeline

Millions of device readings per minute: ingestion, downsampling, hot and cold storage, and fleet analytics.

Mermaid
Source syste…IngestionAuto-classif…Tokenise dir…Token vaultPseudonymise…

Privacy-aware data pipeline

Classification, pseudonymisation, consent filtering and deletion propagation built into the data platform.

Mermaid
Migration ki…Inventory ta…Prioritise b…Convert DDL…Historical d…Rebuild ETL…

Legacy warehouse to cloud migration

Moving from an on-prem warehouse to a cloud platform with parallel runs and reconciliation.

Mermaid
TransactionsKafka transacti…Streaming fe…Online featu…Scoring serv…Fraud model

Streaming fraud detection pipeline

Transactions scored in milliseconds with streaming features, a model server and a case management loop.

Mermaid
Ad platforms…ELT connecto…Web sessions…CRM opportun…Billing reve…Warehouse raw

Marketing attribution pipeline

Ad spend, sessions and conversions joined into multi-touch attribution for channel ROI.

Mermaid
Producer tea…Update contr…CI: compatib…Breaking cha…Merge & publ…Notify regis…

Data contracts between producers and consumers

Schema contracts enforced in CI and at runtime so upstream changes cannot silently break downstream pipelines.

Mermaid
Job startsRead checkpo…Fetch next b…Batch empty?Job completeTransform re…

ETL job with retries & dead letters

Resilient batch processing: idempotent loads, retries with backoff, poison records and restart from checkpoint.

Mermaid
Provider pro…Curated shar…Secure views…Secure shareConsumer acc…Consumer acc…

Snowflake cross-organisation data sharing

Publishing governed data to partners through secure shares and a data marketplace listing.

Mermaid
Event sourceImmutable ev…Batch layer:…Batch viewsSpeed layer:…Real-time vi…

Lambda architecture (batch + speed layer)

Combining a batch layer for accuracy and a speed layer for freshness behind one serving layer.

Mermaid
Email, uploa…Capture & de…OCRClassify doc…Extract fiel…Confidence o…

Document processing (IDP) pipeline

Invoices and forms captured, OCRed, classified, extracted, validated and posted with human-in-the-loop review.

Mermaid
Customer add…Geocoding se…GPS pingsSnap to road…Point tableAdmin bounda…

Geospatial data pipeline

Addresses and GPS points geocoded, joined to boundaries and tiled for map visualisation.

Mermaid
Pipelines runCollect meta…Anomaly dete…Anomaly?Lineage: fin…Route to tab…

Data observability & incident flow

Monitoring freshness, volume, schema and distribution across tables, and routing data incidents to owners.

Mermaid

Database & ER models

Entity relationship diagrams from Mermaid, SQL DDL or DBML.

suppliers supplier_ban… materials cost_centers

Procure-to-Pay (P2P) data model

Suppliers, requisitions, purchase orders, goods receipts, supplier invoices and payments, with the three-way match (PO, receipt, invoice) visible in the keys. Modelled on how ERPs such as SAP MM/FI and Oracle Purchasing structure it.

SQL DDL
customers customer_sit… products price_lists

Order-to-Cash (O2C) data model

Customers, credit limits, quotes, sales orders, deliveries, billing documents, receivables and cash application — the SD/AR side of an ERP, from quote to reconciled cash.

SQL DDL
plants materials boms bom_items

Plan-to-Produce data model

Demand forecasts, master production schedule, MRP planned orders, bills of materials, routings, production orders, confirmations and quality results — the PP/MES side of manufacturing.

SQL DDL
company_codes gl_accounts ledgers fiscal_perio…

Record-to-Report (R2R) data model

Company codes, chart of accounts, ledgers, fiscal periods, journal entries, intercompany, reconciliations, consolidation and financial statement mapping — the general-ledger and close model behind SAP FI/CO or Oracle GL.

SQL DDL
products parts part_revisio… product_stru…

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) data model

Products, parts, revisions, engineering BOMs, CAD documents, change requests and change orders, suppliers, compliance and lifecycle states — the model behind Teamcenter, Windchill or Arena-style PLM.

SQL DDL
locations products customers transport_la…

Supply Chain Planning (SCP) data model

Locations, transport lanes, sourcing rules, demand plans, inventory policies, supply plans, capacity constraints and scenarios — the model behind IBP, Kinaxis or o9-style planning tools.

SQL DDL
CUSTOMER ADDRESS ORDER ORDER_ITEM

Order schema (ER diagram)

Crow's-foot relationships and typed columns.

Mermaid
customers addresses categories products

Orders schema from CREATE TABLE

Paste DDL you already have — keys and crow’s feet come across.

SQL DDL
dim_customer dim_product dim_date dim_store

Snowflake star schema

A fact table and its dimensions, in Snowflake types.

SQL DDL
users organizations org_members projects

SaaS project schema (DBML)

If your schema lives in DBML already, it comes straight across.

DBML
authors categories posts post_revisio…

Blog / CMS schema

Posts, authors, categories and tags with a many-to-many join table.

SQL DDL
products suppliers product_supp… warehouses

Inventory & warehouse schema

Products, warehouses and stock levels per location.

DBML
users posts media follows

Social app schema (users, posts, follows)

A self-referencing follows table alongside posts and likes.

SQL DDL
accounts plans prices subscriptions

SaaS subscription billing schema

Accounts, plans, prices, subscriptions, invoices, line items and payments — the core of any subscription billing system.

SQL DDL
hotels room_types rooms rate_plans

Hotel reservation schema

Hotels, room types, rooms, rates, guests, reservations and stays — the data model behind a property management system.

SQL DDL
users courses modules lessons

Learning management system schema

Courses, modules, lessons, enrolments, quizzes and progress tracking for an e-learning platform.

DBML
departments positions employees compensation

HR information system schema

Employees, departments, positions, managers, compensation history, time off and reviews.

SQL DDL
customers products accounts transactions

Core banking schema

Customers, accounts, double-entry transactions, cards, loans and statements for a retail bank or fintech.

SQL DDL
USER SELLER_PROFI… CATEGORY LISTING

Two-sided marketplace ER diagram

Buyers, sellers, listings, orders, reviews, payouts and disputes in Mermaid ER form.

Mermaid
users companies contacts leads

CRM schema

Companies, contacts, leads, deals, pipeline stages, activities and owners — a Salesforce/HubSpot-style data model.

DBML
workspaces users projects sprints

Project management tool schema

Workspaces, projects, tasks with subtasks, assignees, labels, comments and time tracking — a Jira/Asana-style model.

SQL DDL
restaurants menu_items customers addresses

Food delivery app schema

Restaurants, menus, customers, orders, couriers and delivery tracking for a DoorDash-style app.

SQL DDL
policyholders products policies coverages

Insurance policy & claims schema

Policyholders, policies, coverages, premiums, claims, claim payments and adjusters.

SQL DDL
organizations sites device_models firmware_ver…

IoT device management schema

Organisations, sites, devices, firmware, telemetry rollups, alerts and commands.

DBML
venues sections seats events

Event ticketing schema

Venues, seating, events, ticket types, orders, tickets and check-ins for a Ticketmaster-style platform.

SQL DDL
AUTHOR BOOK BOOK_AUTHOR PUBLISHER

Library management ER diagram

Books, authors, copies, members, loans, holds and fines as a Mermaid ER diagram.

Mermaid
products bom_lines work_centers work_orders

Manufacturing execution (MES) schema

Products, bills of materials, work centres, work orders, operations, lots and quality inspections.

SQL DDL
tenants users roles permissions

Multi-tenant RBAC permissions schema

Tenants, users, roles, permissions, groups, resource grants and audit log for fine-grained access control.

DBML
practitioners availability patients services

Clinic scheduling & billing schema

Practitioners, availability, appointments, services, invoices and insurance claims for a clinic.

SQL DDL
hub_customer hub_order hub_product link_custome…

Data Vault 2.0 model

Hubs, links and satellites for customers, orders and products — the modelling pattern for auditable enterprise warehouses.

SQL DDL
agencies agents properties listings

Real estate listings schema

Agencies, agents, properties, listings, photos, viewings, offers and saved searches.

DBML
users documents document_ver… audit_events

Audit trail & soft-delete pattern

A reusable pattern: versioned rows, change history, soft deletes and an append-only audit log around core entities.

SQL DDL
RIDER DRIVER VEHICLE TRIP

Ride-hailing platform ER diagram

Riders, drivers, vehicles, trips, fares, payments, ratings and surge zones in Mermaid ER form.

Mermaid

Cloud & DevOps infrastructure

Deployment topologies, CI/CD pipelines and network zones.

Developer pu…Open pull re…Lint & unit…Code review…Merge to mainBuild contai…

CI/CD pipeline

Commit to production, with a gate before the deploy.

Mermaid
Internet use…DNSCDN & WAFInternet gatewayLoad balance…App server:…

Cloud VPC with public/private subnets

A load balancer in a public subnet, app and data tiers private.

Mermaid
UsersCloud load bala…Ingress cont…cert-manager…Service: fro…Service: api

Kubernetes deployment topology

Ingress, services and pods across a cluster.

Mermaid
New release…Build & testDeploy to gr…DB migration…Stop: split…Smoke tests…

Blue-green deployment

Two production environments with traffic switching between them.

Mermaid
UsersGlobal DNS w…Primary regi…Standby regi…App tierApp tier, sc…

Multi-region disaster recovery

Primary and standby regions with replicated data.

Mermaid
Client appCDNAPI GatewayAuthorizer:…Function: ge…Function: cr…

Serverless API architecture

API gateway, functions and a managed database — no servers to run.

Mermaid
InternetDDoS protect…Perimeter firew…DMZ: reverse…Internal firewa…App zone

Network security zones

DMZ, internal and restricted zones with firewalls between them.

Mermaid
UsersRoute 53CloudFront + AW…S3: React SPAAPI GatewayCognito user po…

AWS serverless web application

CloudFront, S3, API Gateway, Lambda, DynamoDB, Cognito, EventBridge and Step Functions — a fully managed AWS web backend with no servers to patch.

Mermaid
RDS & AuroraAWS DMS CDCSaaS appsAppFlowClickstreamKinesis Data St…

AWS modern data platform

DMS, Kinesis, Glue, S3 lakehouse with Iceberg, Lake Formation, Redshift, Athena, QuickSight and SageMaker.

Mermaid
UsersCloudFrontALB ingress…Amazon EKS clus…Catalog serviceCart service

AWS microservices on EKS

EKS with ALB ingress, Karpenter, App Mesh or Istio, Aurora, ElastiCache, MSK, Secrets Manager and CloudWatch.

Mermaid
EmployeesWeb app on Ampl…CognitoAPI GatewayLambda orchestr…Bedrock Agent

AWS generative AI with Bedrock

A RAG assistant on Bedrock: Knowledge Bases over S3, OpenSearch Serverless vectors, Bedrock Agents with Lambda tools, and Guardrails.

Mermaid
UsersAzure Front Doo…Microsoft Entra…App Service…Azure SQL Datab…Azure Cache for…

Azure web application reference

Front Door, App Service or Container Apps, Azure SQL, Redis, Service Bus, Functions, Key Vault, Entra ID and Application Insights.

Mermaid
SAP & ERPsData Factory pi…SQL Server on-p…Self-hosted…Apps & IoTEvent Hubs

Azure modern data platform (Fabric)

Data Factory, Event Hubs, OneLake, Fabric Lakehouse and Warehouse, Purview governance, Power BI and Azure Machine Learning.

Mermaid
UsersFront DoorApplication…AKS clusterProduct serv…Basket servi…

Azure microservices on AKS

AKS behind Application Gateway, with Dapr, Service Bus, Cosmos DB, Azure SQL, Key Vault, Azure Monitor and GitOps (Flux).

Mermaid
EmployeesTeams or web…Container Ap…Entra ID: us…Prompt Flow…Azure AI Search…

Azure OpenAI RAG chat

Azure OpenAI with AI Search hybrid retrieval over SharePoint and Blob content, Prompt Flow, content safety and Entra security trimming.

Mermaid
UsersCloud Load Bala…Cloud CDNCloud Storage:…Cloud Run: APIIdentity Platfo…

Google Cloud serverless app (Cloud Run)

Cloud Load Balancing, Cloud Run services, Firestore, Cloud SQL, Pub/Sub, Cloud Tasks, Identity Platform and Cloud Monitoring.

Mermaid
UsersGlobal load bal…GKE GatewayGKE AutopilotFrontend ser…Checkout ser…

Google Cloud microservices on GKE

GKE Autopilot with Gateway API, Cloud Service Mesh, Spanner, Memorystore, Pub/Sub, Artifact Registry and Cloud Deploy.

Mermaid
CustomersWeb & mobile appCloud Run: agen…Vertex AI Agent…Gemini modelVertex AI Searc…

Google Cloud generative AI (Vertex AI)

Gemini on Vertex AI with Vertex AI Search grounding, Agent Builder tools, BigQuery data and model evaluation.

Mermaid
Central iden…One CI/CD pi…AWS: customer-f…Cloud interc…Azure: Microsof…GCP: BigQuery a…

Multi-cloud architecture (AWS + Azure + GCP)

Workloads split across three clouds with a common identity, network interconnect, observability and a single deployment pipeline.

Mermaid
UsersRoute 53CloudFront + WAFS3 static assetsApplication Loa…ECS tasks AZ-a

AWS three-tier web app reference

Route 53, CloudFront, ALB, auto-scaling EC2 or ECS across two AZs, RDS Multi-AZ, ElastiCache and S3 — the classic AWS reference architecture.

Mermaid
Management grou…On-premisesExpressRoute…Hub VNetAzure FirewallBastion

Azure landing zone (hub-and-spoke)

Management groups, hub VNet with firewall and shared services, spoke VNets per workload, and policy guardrails.

Mermaid
Apps & servicesPub/SubCloud SQLDatastream CDCCloud Storage l…Dataflow stream…

Google Cloud serverless data platform

Pub/Sub, Dataflow, BigQuery, Cloud Composer and Looker in a serverless analytics stack.

Mermaid
DeveloperApp repo PRCI: test, bu…Container re…Bot updates…Config repo:…

GitOps delivery with Argo CD

Git as the source of truth: app repo CI builds images, a config repo is updated, and Argo CD syncs clusters.

Mermaid
Engineer edi…Open pull re…terraform fm…terraform pl…Policy as co…Policy viola…

Infrastructure as code (Terraform) workflow

Plan in pull requests, policy checks, approval and apply with remote state and drift detection.

Mermaid
DevelopersDeveloper po…Golden-path…New Git repo…CI pipelinesRegistry

Internal developer platform on Kubernetes

Developer portal, golden-path templates, CI/CD, secrets, observability and multi-tenant clusters.

Mermaid
Instrumented…OpenTelemetr…Nodes & cont…Prometheus m…Log storeTrace store

Observability stack (metrics, logs, traces)

OpenTelemetry collectors feeding metrics, logs and traces backends, with dashboards, SLOs and alert routing.

Mermaid
Region outag…Expected rec…Wait & commu…Incident com…Freeze deplo…Promote stan…

Disaster recovery failover runbook

Declaring a regional disaster, promoting the standby, validating, and failing back — with RTO/RPO checkpoints.

Mermaid
Signed commitCI build in…Approved bas…Fail buildGenerate SBOMVulnerabilit…

Container supply-chain security

Signed builds, SBOMs, vulnerability scanning and admission control from commit to cluster.

Mermaid
User uploads…S3 upload bucketEventBridge ruleStep Functions…Lambda: validateValid?

Serverless event-driven processing

S3 uploads trigger functions, Step Functions orchestration, retries and notifications — fully managed.

Mermaid
Monthly clou…Cost & usage…Enforce tagg…Untagged spe…Chase owners…Allocate cos…

Cloud cost (FinOps) governance loop

Tagging, allocation, budgets, anomaly alerts and optimisation actions across teams.

Mermaid
Pull requestCompute chan…Project depe…Affected pro…Remote cache…Reuse build…

Monorepo CI with affected-project builds

Only building and testing what changed in a large monorepo, with remote caching and parallel jobs.

Mermaid
On-prem data…Core routersAWS Direct Conn…Azure ExpressRo…Backup IPsec…AWS Transit Gat…

Hybrid cloud network architecture

On-prem data centre connected to AWS and Azure with dedicated links, transit hubs, DNS and centralised egress.

Mermaid
Upgrade plan…Create green…Logical repl…Replication…Run app test…Tests pass?

Database major-version upgrade with blue/green

Upgrading a production database with logical replication to a green cluster and a fast switchover.

Mermaid
Sensors & ca…Edge node at…Local ML inf…Local action…Local bufferUplink avail…

Edge computing architecture

Workloads at edge locations with local processing, store-and-forward sync and central management.

Mermaid
Application…Workload ide…Secrets vaultIdentity & p…Deny & alertIssue dynami…

Secrets management architecture

Central vault issuing dynamic, short-lived credentials to apps via workload identity, with rotation and audit.

Mermaid
Nightly sche…Deploy lates…Seed product…Warm-up traf…Ramp to targ…Soak test 1…

Performance & load testing pipeline

Nightly load tests against staging with baselines, regression detection and capacity reporting.

Mermaid
Traffic incr…Metrics serv…CPU or RPS o…HPA adds pod…Queue depthKEDA event s…

Kubernetes autoscaling layers

How pod autoscaling, event-driven scaling and cluster autoscaling work together under load.

Mermaid
Patch TuesdayAssess patch…Ring 0: test…Issues?Exclude patc…Ring 1: dev…

Server patch management cycle

Monthly OS patching across environments with staged rings, maintenance windows and compliance reporting.

Mermaid
Production d…Hourly snaps…File storageLocal backup…Cross-region…Immutable of…

Backup & restore strategy (3-2-1)

Snapshots, cross-region copies, immutable backups and regular restore tests.

Mermaid

Business & organization

Org charts, customer journeys and business process maps.

Network diagrams

Physical and logical network topologies.

AI & ML pipelines

Model training, RAG and agent architectures.

Agentic AI & multi-agent systems

Single agents, multi-agent orchestration, MCP and A2A protocols, RAG variants, memory, guardrails and LLMOps — the architectures teams are building AI products on.

User goalBuild contex…LLMThought: too…Final answerAction: choo…

ReAct agent (reason + act loop)

The basic agent loop: the model reasons, picks a tool, observes the result and repeats until it can answer — the pattern under most agent frameworks.

Mermaid
User requestSupervisor a…Which specia…Research age…Coding agentData analyst…

Supervisor multi-agent orchestration

A supervisor agent routes work to specialist agents (research, coding, data, writing), collects results and decides when the task is done.

Mermaid
GoalManager agen…Research tea…Engineering…QA team leadSearch agent

Hierarchical agent teams

A top-level manager delegating to team leads, each running its own workers — how large tasks like building a product brief or a codebase are decomposed.

Mermaid
CustomerTriage agentIntent?Billing agentTech support…Sales agent

Agent handoffs (swarm pattern)

Agents pass the conversation to each other with context — triage to billing to technical support — without a central supervisor.

Mermaid
Complex taskOrchestrator…Subtask listWorker LLM 1Worker LLM 2Worker LLM 3

Orchestrator-workers pattern

An orchestrator LLM breaks a task into subtasks at runtime, fans them out to worker LLM calls in parallel, and synthesises the results.

Mermaid
Input briefLLM: extract…Required fie…Ask user for…LLM: outlineOutline meet…

Prompt chaining with gates

A fixed workflow of LLM steps with programmatic checks between them — outline, check, draft, translate — cheaper and more predictable than a free-running agent.

Mermaid
Apps & agentsLLM gatewayAPI keys & p…Semantic cac…Return cache…Route by task

LLM gateway & model routing

A gateway in front of several model providers that routes by task and cost, caches responses, enforces limits and falls back when a provider fails.

Mermaid
UserClient agentAgent regist…Travel booki…Expense agentCalendar age…

Agent-to-agent (A2A) network

Independent agents from different teams or vendors discovering each other via agent cards and delegating tasks over the A2A protocol, with MCP for their tools.

Mermaid
UserHost app: ID…LLMMCP client 1MCP client 2MCP client 3

Model Context Protocol (MCP) architecture

An AI host app with MCP clients connecting to local and remote MCP servers that expose tools, resources and prompts.

Mermaid
QuestionAgent: decom…Rewrite queryRetrieve fro…Vector databaseDocuments re…

Agentic RAG with self-correction

A retrieval agent that rewrites queries, grades retrieved documents, falls back to web search and checks its answer for hallucinations before responding.

Mermaid
DocumentsChunk textLLM: extract…Knowledge graphCommunity de…LLM communit…

GraphRAG with a knowledge graph

Documents turned into an entity-relationship knowledge graph plus community summaries, then queried together with vector search for multi-hop questions.

Mermaid
Research que…Clarify scop…Research pla…Search & rea…Search & rea…Search & rea…

Deep research agent

A long-running agent that plans research, searches and reads in parallel, reflects on gaps, and writes a cited report.

Mermaid
Issue assign…Explore repo…Plan changesEdit filesRun tests &…All passing?

Autonomous coding agent

How a coding agent works on a ticket: explore the repo, plan, edit, run tests, fix failures and open a pull request for human review.

Mermaid
Task: e.g. f…Take screens…Vision-langu…Next actionIrreversible…Ask user to…

Computer-use / browser agent

An agent that operates a real browser or desktop by looking at screenshots and issuing clicks and keystrokes, with safety confirmations.

Mermaid
User messageAgentShort-term:…Summarise wh…Episodic mem…Extract fact…

Agent memory architecture

Short-term context, episodic and semantic long-term memory, and procedural memory — how agents remember across sessions.

Mermaid
User inputInput guardrailsPrompt injec…Block & logRedact PIIAllowed topi…

LLM guardrails pipeline

Input and output guardrails around a model call: prompt-injection and PII checks going in, grounding, toxicity and policy checks coming out.

Mermaid
Prompt or mo…CI: run eval…Golden datas…LLM-as-judge…Scores above…Deploy behin…

LLMOps: evaluation & monitoring loop

Offline eval sets, CI gates on prompt changes, online tracing, user feedback and regression datasets — how teams ship LLM features safely.

Mermaid
QuestionAgent A: pro…Agent B: pro…Agent C: pro…Round: each…Agents revis…

Multi-agent debate & critique

Several agents propose answers, critique each other over rounds, and a judge picks or merges the result — used to improve reasoning accuracy.

Mermaid
Logs, ticket…Clean & de-i…Create instr…Human review sa…Train / vali…Fine-tune: L…

LLM fine-tuning pipeline

Collect and clean data, create instruction pairs, fine-tune with LoRA, evaluate against the base model and deploy behind an A/B test.

Mermaid
Customer mes…Verify ident…Support agentKnowledge base…Tool: accoun…Action neede…

AI customer service agent with escalation

An agent answering support with the knowledge base and account tools, taking safe actions itself and escalating to humans with a summary.

Mermaid
EmployeesChannels: chat,…Agent runtimeAgent regist…Tool catalog…MCP server: CRM

Enterprise agent platform architecture

The platform layer companies build for many agents: registry, tool catalogue via MCP, identity, policy, memory, observability and a model gateway.

Mermaid

Healthcare & clinical

Patient care pathways, clinical workflows and healthcare records — used by clinics, hospitals and health-tech teams to document how care and data move.

Patient arri…Registration…Insurance on…Capture insu…Verify eligi…Consent form…

Patient intake & triage

From check-in to being seen, with a triage priority split. Used by clinics and ER front desks to document the intake process for staff training and process review.

Mermaid
Patient requ…Channel?Self-scheduleFront desk b…Referral req…Referral on…

Appointment scheduling workflow

Booking through reminder to visit, with a reschedule branch. A common template for clinic front-office and patient-portal documentation.

Mermaid
Primary care…Specialist n…Treated in p…Referral let…Prior author…Submit to in…

Specialist referral pathway

Primary care to specialist and back, the loop most referral-tracking tools are built around.

Mermaid
patients insurance_po… providers encounters

Electronic health record (EHR) schema

Patients, visits, diagnoses and prescriptions — the core tables behind most EHR and practice-management systems.

SQL DDL
Surgeon reco…Consent & ri…Prior author…Pre-op asses…Fit for anae…Optimise con…

Surgical case scheduling

Pre-op clearance through post-op discharge, used to map operating-room workflow.

Mermaid
Provider sub…Clearinghous…Format error…Returned to…Payer receiv…Member eligi…

Health insurance claim processing

Claim submission through payment or denial — the path a medical bill takes after a visit.

Mermaid
Patient book…Identity & i…Pre-visit sy…Suitable for…Redirect to…Virtual wait…

Telehealth visit flow

A remote-visit process from booking to e-prescription, common for virtual-care products.

Mermaid
Provider ord…Order in EHR…Sample colle…Courier to l…Sample accep…Request reco…

Lab test ordering & results

Order to result to patient notification, used by labs and hospital systems.

Mermaid
Admission de…Source?ED stabilisa…Pre-admissio…Transfer cen…Bed request

Hospital admission & discharge

ER or direct admission through bed assignment to discharge planning.

Mermaid
ArrivalCheck bookin…Identity & r…Screening qu…Contraindica…Clinician as…

Vaccination clinic workflow

Registration through observation, the standard flow for mass-vaccination clinics.

Mermaid

Education & academia

Enrollment, course design and research workflows for schools, universities and edtech products.

Prospective…Online appli…Upload trans…Application…Reminder ema…Document ver…

Student enrollment process

Application through registration, used by admissions offices to document the enrollment funnel.

Mermaid
Registration…Meet with ad…Build schedu…Holds on acc…Clear fees o…Prerequisite…

Course registration workflow

Selecting and confirming classes each term, with a waitlist branch common in university systems.

Mermaid
Assignment r…Student subm…Late?Apply late p…Similarity c…High similar…

Assignment grading workflow

Submission through grade release, used to document academic-integrity and grading process.

Mermaid
students guardians teachers courses

School information system schema

Students, courses, enrollments and grades — a compact schema for a student information system.

SQL DDL
Need identif…Learning out…Market & emp…Module struc…Department r…Approved?

Curriculum design & approval

How a new course moves from proposal to being offered — used by academic departments and edtech curriculum tools.

Mermaid
Research pro…Ethics appro…Approved?Research & w…Chapter draf…Advisor feed…

Thesis / dissertation review process

Draft through defense and final submission, used by graduate programs to document the review cycle.

Mermaid
Learner enro…Placement qu…Skip beginne…Module 2Module 1 vid…Module 1 quiz

Online course completion flow

Enrollment through certificate issuance, the shape most MOOC and e-learning platforms follow.

Mermaid
Patron searc…Available at…Available at…Request inte…Place holdNotify patro…

Library book checkout process

Search through return, with an overdue/renewal branch. A classic library-systems example.

Mermaid
Funding call…Internal not…Draft propos…Research off…Institutiona…Submit to fu…

Research grant application process

Proposal through award, used by university research offices to explain the funding pipeline.

Mermaid
Term endsEvaluation s…Response rat…Reminder & c…Results aggr…Instructor r…

Student feedback & course improvement loop

End-of-term evaluations feeding back into course design.

Mermaid

Manufacturing & supply chain

Production lines, quality control and logistics — used by operations and supply-chain teams.

Raw material…Incoming ins…Material to…Quarantine &…MachiningIn-process g…

Production line workflow

Raw materials through packaging, the standard shape of a manufacturing line diagram.

Mermaid
Batch comple…Sample per A…Dimensional…Visual inspe…Functional &…All within s…

Quality control inspection process

Sampling through disposition, used by QA teams to document acceptance criteria.

Mermaid
Tier 2 raw m…Tier 1 compo…Inbound logi…Manufacturin…QC pass?Rework

End-to-end supply chain flow

Supplier to customer across every hop — a common overview diagram for ops and logistics teams.

Mermaid
Nightly stoc…Forecast dem…On hand + on…No actionCalculate or…Preferred su…

Inventory replenishment process

Reorder-point logic as a flowchart, used to document automated purchasing rules.

Mermaid
customers locations carriers shipments

Shipping & logistics schema

Shipments, carriers and tracking events — a compact schema for a logistics tracking system.

SQL DDL
Orders relea…Wave planningPick lists b…Picker scans…Correct item…Short pick:…

Warehouse order picking process

Order through dispatch, the flow most WMS software automates.

Mermaid
Sourcing needRequest for…Compare bidsShortlist su…Capability &…Onsite quali…

Supplier onboarding & qualification

Vetting a new supplier before they enter the procurement system.

Mermaid
Maintenance…Trigger type?Planned work…Condition-ba…Emergency wo…Schedule dow…

Preventive equipment maintenance

A scheduled-maintenance loop used in plant and facilities operations.

Mermaid
Historical s…Statistical…Promotions c…Market & wea…Sales & mark…Consensus de…

Demand forecasting & production planning

Historical sales data feeding into a production plan, a common S&OP diagram.

Mermaid
Defect signalSource?Complaint tr…Test failure…Health hazar…Recall warra…

Product recall process

Defect detection through customer notification — a serious-but-common manufacturing/QA diagram.

Mermaid

Retail & e-commerce operations

Store and online operations that go beyond system integration — checkout, fulfillment, loyalty and returns.

Cart reviewedSigned in?Guest checko…Saved addres…Enter shippi…Address vali…

Online checkout flow

Cart to confirmation, the exact path a UX or product team maps to reduce cart abandonment.

Mermaid
Order placedFraud screen…Risk high?Manual reviewApprove?Cancel & ref…

Order fulfillment process

Order placed to delivered, the standard operations view of fulfillment.

Mermaid
Customer at…Scan itemsPrice overri…Supervisor a…Apply overri…Loyalty ID g…

In-store point-of-sale transaction

Scan to receipt, used to document in-store checkout for retail ops teams.

Mermaid
Customer joi…Welcome bonu…Purchase madePoints earne…Points ledgerTier thresho…

Loyalty program points flow

Purchase to reward redemption, used by marketing and loyalty teams.

Mermaid
Customer ret…Receipt or o…Under no-rec…Return decli…Store credit…Within retur…

In-store return & refund process

Receipt check through refund method, the retail counterpart to the e-commerce returns flow.

Mermaid
stores employees products store_invent…

Retail store & inventory schema

Stores, products and sales — a compact schema for a multi-location retail system.

DBML
Weekly sell-…Weeks of cov…Hold full pr…Seasonal ite…Promotional…First markdo…

Markdown / clearance pricing process

How aging inventory gets progressively discounted, a common merchandising workflow.

Mermaid
Customer ord…Selects pick…Store has st…Ship from DC…Store picks…Received at…

Click-and-collect (BOPIS) flow

Buy online, pick up in store — the omnichannel flow most retailers now support.

Mermaid
Peak season…Labour hours…Compare to c…Gap?Schedule cur…Request seas…

Seasonal staffing / workforce planning

Forecast to scheduled shifts, used by retail operations ahead of peak seasons.

Mermaid
Gift card pu…Physical or…Activate at…Email with c…Card balance…Redeemed at…

Gift card issuance & redemption

Purchase, activation and redemption — a common small-scope diagram for retail finance.

Mermaid

Marketing & growth

Campaigns, funnels and content workflows for marketing and growth teams.

Business goalCampaign bri…Channel planCreative con…Stakeholder…Produce asse…

Marketing campaign launch process

Brief through post-launch reporting, used to plan and document a campaign timeline.

Mermaid
Downloads eb…Lead in mark…Welcome emailEducational…Opened or cl…Resend with…

Lead nurture email funnel

Sign-up through sales handoff, a standard marketing-automation diagram.

Mermaid
AwarenessPaid social,…Landing page…Engages?Retargeting…Interest: ne…

Marketing funnel (AIDA)

Awareness, interest, desire, action — the classic funnel used to plan channel strategy.

Mermaid
Quarterly th…Idea backlogPrioritise b…Assign write…OutlineEditor appro…

Content production workflow

Idea through published post, used by content and social teams to track their pipeline.

Mermaid
Observed pro…Hypothesis &…Sample size…Build variantQA both vari…Launch 50/50…

A/B test process

Hypothesis through rollout decision, a standard experimentation workflow for growth teams.

Mermaid
Webinar plan…Speakers & t…Landing page…Promotion: e…RegistrationsConfirmation…

Event / webinar marketing funnel

Promotion through post-event follow-up, used to plan a webinar or conference funnel.

Mermaid
Happy customerReferral inv…Shares uniqu…Friend click…Cookie & cod…Friend signs…

Customer referral program flow

Existing customer to new customer, with a reward on both sides — a growth-loop diagram.

Mermaid
Keyword rese…Cluster by s…Existing pag…Refresh exis…New content…Draft

SEO content workflow

Keyword research through ranking review, used by SEO and content teams.

Mermaid
Asset requestBrief & bran…Designer cre…Self-check:…Brand team r…On brand?

Brand asset approval workflow

Design through brand sign-off, used by brand and design teams to formalize review gates.

Mermaid
Research que…Recruit part…Customer int…SurveyProduct usag…Support tick…

Customer persona research process

Interviews and data feeding into a usable marketing persona.

Mermaid

Finance & accounting

Invoicing, budgeting and reporting workflows for finance teams — beyond data-warehouse schemas.

Goods shippe…Invoice gene…Customer req…PO on file?Request POSend invoice

Invoice-to-payment process

Invoice creation through cash received, the core AR workflow finance teams document.

Mermaid
Need identif…Purchase req…Within budge…Budget owner…Approved?Rejected

Procure-to-pay process

Purchase request through vendor payment, the standard P2P diagram for finance and procurement.

Mermaid
Employee inc…Snap receipt…OCR extracts…Corporate ca…Match to car…Out-of-pocke…

Employee expense reimbursement

Receipt submission through payroll reimbursement, common in finance ops documentation.

Mermaid
Period endCut-off: AP…Accruals & p…Depreciation…Intercompany…Intercompany…

Monthly financial close process

The recurring close checklist most accounting teams run every month.

Mermaid
Strategic pl…FP&A issues…Departments…Revenue fore…FP&A consoli…Meets profit…

Annual budgeting cycle

Department requests through board approval — a common FP&A planning diagram.

Mermaid
accounts fiscal_perio… cost_centers journal_entr…

General ledger accounting schema

Accounts, journal entries and line items — the backbone of a double-entry accounting system.

SQL DDL
Application…KYC & identi…Identity ver…Request docu…Credit burea…Income & ban…

Loan application & approval process

Application through disbursement, used by lenders and fintech products.

Mermaid
Annual risk…Audit plan a…Planning mem…Walkthroughs…Sample testi…Exceptions f…

Internal audit process

Planning through remediation tracking, a standard internal-audit lifecycle diagram.

Mermaid
Transaction…Real-time ru…ML risk scoreRisk levelApprovedStep-up auth…

Transaction fraud review process

Flagged transaction through resolution, used by fintech and banking risk teams.

Mermaid
Pay period c…Timesheets l…Missing time…Chase manage…Import HR ch…Calculate gr…

Payroll processing cycle

Time tracking through direct deposit, the recurring cycle every payroll system automates.

Mermaid

Project & agile management

Sprint cycles, project intake and release processes for PMs and engineering teams.

Product back…Backlog refi…Stories read…Sprint plann…Sprint goal…Daily stand-…

Scrum sprint cycle

Planning through retrospective, the recurring loop behind every scrum team.

Mermaid
RequestBacklogTop priority…ReadyIn progressBlocked?

Kanban board workflow

A task moving through the standard kanban columns, used to document a team’s WIP policy.

Mermaid
Idea submitt…Intake form:…Complete?Return to su…PMO triageDuplicate or…

Project intake & prioritization

Request through roadmap placement, used by PMOs to standardize how new work enters the pipeline.

Mermaid
Release plan…Feature free…Cut release…Release cand…Regression &…Blocking bug…

Software release management process

Code freeze through post-release monitoring, a standard release-train diagram.

Mermaid
Change reque…Change type?Pre-approved…Risk & impac…Emergency CA…Test & rollb…

IT change management process

Change request through implementation, used by IT ops to document their change advisory board (CAB) process.

Mermaid
Risk identif…Describe cau…Score probab…Score high?Escalate to…Log in risk…

Project risk management process

Identifying and tracking risk through to closure, a standard PMBOK-style diagram.

Mermaid
IdeaPhase 1: Dis…Gate 1: prob…DecisionStoppedPhase 2: Bus…

Project stage-gate approval process

A phase-gate model used in traditional project management to control funding and scope.

Mermaid
Bug reportedReproducible?Request more…Info receive…Closed: cann…Duplicate?

Bug triage & fix workflow

Report through fix verification, a common engineering-team reference diagram.

Mermaid
Quarter star…OKRs & basel…Weekly check…Confidence b…Identify blo…Resourcing o…

OKR tracking & check-in process

How teams review progress against objectives during a quarter.

Mermaid
Planning cyc…Approved pro…Skills & hou…Team capacit…Match people…Over-allocat…

Team resource allocation process

Matching people to projects each planning cycle — a common PMO/staffing diagram.

Mermaid

Government, non-profit & events

Public-sector services, grant management and event planning workflows.

Applicant st…Upload plans…Pay applicat…Completeness…Complete?Request miss…

Government permit application process

Application through issuance, a common public-sector service-design diagram.

Mermaid
Grant round…Applicants s…Eligibility…Eligible?Decline lett…Assign two r…

Non-profit grant application review

Proposal through funding decision, used by foundations and non-profits to document review criteria.

Mermaid
Citizen appl…Online, mail…Application…Verify ident…Match?Request docu…

Voter registration process

A public civic-services example: application through confirmation.

Mermaid
Volunteer ap…Interest & a…Phone chat w…Working with…Background c…Cleared?

Non-profit volunteer onboarding

Sign-up through first shift, used by non-profits and community organizations.

Mermaid
Event goals…Choose date…Venue availa…Sign venue c…Book speaker…Catering, AV…

Event planning process

Concept through post-event wrap-up, a general-purpose event-management diagram.

Mermaid
Request filedLog & acknow…Request clea…Ask requeste…Fee estimate…Send estimate

Public records request (FOIA) process

Request through response, used by government agencies to document statutory timelines.

Mermaid
Resident rep…Channel?Photo & GPS…Agent logs r…Auto-classif…Duplicate ne…

City 311 service request process

A resident report through resolution — the shape behind most municipal 311 systems.

Mermaid
events tracks speakers sessions

Conference / event management schema

Attendees, sessions and registrations — a compact schema for an event platform.

DBML
Hazard warni…Emergency op…Situation as…Evacuation n…Evacuation o…Open shelters

Emergency / disaster response process

Alert through recovery, a high-level public-safety coordination diagram.

Mermaid
Polls closeSeal machine…Chain-of-cus…Central coun…Tabulate in-…Verify mail-…

Election vote counting process

Polls closing through certified results, a transparency-focused civic diagram.

Mermaid

Everyday & personal

Travel, real estate, hospitality and life-admin processes — generic templates useful outside any single industry.

Decide to buySet budget &…Mortgage pre…Choose agentView homesFound the on…

Home buying process

Pre-approval through closing, a widely searched real-estate reference diagram.

Mermaid
Want a tripBudget & dat…Shortlist de…Visa needed?Apply for vi…Approved?

Trip planning process

Destination decision through departure, a generic template useful for travel apps and personal planning.

Mermaid
Guests arriveReservation?Seat at rese…Table free?Waitlist & t…Water, menus…

Restaurant order & service flow

Seating through payment, the standard front-of-house workflow for restaurants and POS systems.

Mermaid
Decide to ch…Update CV &…Search & sho…Tailor CV &…ApplyResponse in…

Job application process (candidate view)

Applying through offer, the candidate-side mirror of the hiring-process template.

Mermaid
Moving date…Get mover qu…DIY or mover…Book moversRent van & r…Declutter: s…

Moving house process

Planning through settling in, a generic personal-logistics flowchart.

Mermaid
EngagedBudget & gue…Choose dateBook venueBook photogr…Save the dat…

Wedding planning timeline

Engagement through the big day, a generic event-planning example many people search for.

Mermaid
Need a carBudget: pric…New or used?Compare mode…Search listi…Vehicle hist…

Car buying process

Research through drive-off-the-lot, a common consumer decision-flow example.

Mermaid
Search dates…Filter: pric…Compare room…Room availab…Enter guest…Payment auth…

Hotel booking & stay flow

Search through checkout, the standard hospitality booking journey.

Mermaid
Choose recipeCheck pantryMissing ingr…Shop or subs…Mise en plac…Preheat oven

Recipe / meal prep workflow

A lighthearted but genuinely useful generic process example: prep through plating.

Mermaid
PaydayEmergency fu…Yes?Top up emerg…Pay fixed bi…Retirement c…

Personal monthly budgeting process

Income through savings, a generic personal-finance flowchart useful for budgeting apps.

Mermaid

Security & identity

Authentication, access control, threat response and compliance flows for security and platform teams.

User clicks…App creates…Redirect to…Existing ses…User enters…MFA required?

OAuth 2.0 login with PKCE

The authorization-code-with-PKCE flow a single-page or mobile app uses to sign a user in without a client secret — the standard picture for any SSO integration review.

Mermaid
Forgot passw…Enter emailRate limit e…Show generic…Account exis…Show same ge…

Secure password reset flow

A password reset that resists account takeover: rate limits, single-use expiring tokens, and session revocation — used in security reviews and auth implementation.

Mermaid
Employee req…Select syste…Role is priv…Manager appr…Justificatio…Approved?

Access request & approval (least privilege)

How an employee gets access to a system: request, manager and owner approval, time-bound grant, and periodic recertification — the core of an IAM governance process.

Mermaid
Alert from S…SOC analyst…True positiv…Tune detecti…ClosedClassify sev…

Security incident response (NIST lifecycle)

Detection through lessons learned, following the NIST preparation-detection-containment-eradication-recovery lifecycle. A standard SOC and CISO reference diagram.

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Weekly scanAsset invent…Scanner: hos…De-duplicate…Enrich: CVSS…Internet-fac…

Vulnerability management lifecycle

Scan, prioritise by exploitability, patch within SLA, verify — the loop every security team runs and auditors ask to see.

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User request…Access proxyIdentity pro…Authenticate…Deny & logDevice postu…

Zero-trust access decision

Every request is evaluated on identity, device posture and context before reaching an app — the policy decision flow behind a zero-trust architecture.

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Rotation sch…Emergency le…Revoke leake…Accept brief…Generate new…Add new cred…

Secrets & key rotation

Rotating a database password or API key without downtime using dual credentials — a common platform-engineering runbook.

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Employee rep…Auto-analysi…Known malici…Analyst revi…Phishing?Thank report…

Phishing report & response

From the employee "report phish" button through analysis, mailbox purge and account reset — used by SOC teams and security awareness programs.

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Decide to pu…Choose trust…Gap assessme…Write polici…Implement co…Compliance a…

SOC 2 audit readiness

Scoping, control design, evidence collection and the audit window — the path a SaaS company follows to its first SOC 2 Type II report.

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API requestAuth header…401 Unauthor…Token type?Look up hash…Verify signa…

API request authentication & authorization

How a backend validates every API call: key or JWT, scopes, rate limits and audit — useful for API design reviews.

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Product & app UX flows

User flows for apps and websites — onboarding, checkout, subscriptions and permissions — the diagrams product designers and PMs draw before building.

First app la…Splash & val…Skip intro?Sign-up opti…3 benefit sc…Method?

Mobile app onboarding flow

First launch through first value: permissions asked in context, account creation, and personalisation — the flow most growth teams obsess over.

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Start free t…Trial active…Payment meth…Trial ends:…Converts?Expired: dat…

Subscription billing lifecycle

Trial, conversion, renewals, failed-payment dunning and cancellation — the state machine behind every SaaS or app subscription.

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User taps BuyFetch produc…Store purcha…User confirm…CancelledPayment succ…

In-app purchase & receipt validation

Buying a digital item in a mobile app, with server-side receipt validation and entitlement delivery — the flow every app with IAP needs to get right.

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Feature merg…Enable for i…Bugs found?FixBeta cohort…Watch errors…

Feature flag progressive rollout

Shipping a feature behind a flag: internal, beta, percentage ramps and kill switch — how product and engineering de-risk launches.

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User focuses…Show recent…User typesAutocomplete…Picks a sugg…Go to exact…

Search results user flow

From typing a query to finding a result — autocomplete, filters, zero-results recovery. A common UX flow for e-commerce and content sites.

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User opens D…Explain what…Active subsc…Cancel subsc…Offer data e…Re-authentic…

Account deletion (right to erasure)

A user-initiated account deletion with grace period, data export and downstream purge — what app stores and privacy law now require.

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Seller creat…Passes moder…Seller edits…Listing liveBuyer search…Buyer pays

Two-sided marketplace transaction

Buyer, seller and platform in one flow: listing, escrow, delivery and payout — the core loop of marketplaces like Etsy, Airbnb or Upwork.

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User taps fe…Permission s…Feature worksCustom pre-p…User taps Co…Graceful fal…

Mobile permission request pattern

The pre-permission prompt pattern that raises opt-in rates for camera, location and notifications — a UX best-practice diagram.

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User submits…Feedback inb…Support tick…Sales call n…Tag by theme…Link to exis…

In-app feedback to roadmap loop

How user feedback captured in the product becomes a shipped change and a closed loop back to the user — a product-ops process diagram.

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Cart abandon…Email known?Browser push…Wait 1 hourPurchased me…Stop sequence

Cart abandonment recovery

What happens after a shopper leaves with items in the cart: timed emails, incentives and suppression rules — a common e-commerce CRM flow.

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Customer support & success

Help desk, escalation, renewal and churn-prevention processes for support and customer success teams.

Ticket recei…Tier 1: tria…Resolved in…ResolvedTier 2: prod…Resolved in…

Support escalation matrix

Tiered escalation from front-line support to engineering and executives, with SLA timers — the diagram every support org pins to the wall.

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Contract sig…Sales to CS…Kickoff call…Implementati…Technical se…Data migrati…

B2B customer onboarding (implementation)

From signed contract to live customer: kickoff, integration, data migration, training and go-live — the customer success implementation playbook.

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Weekly healt…Usage, ticke…Health statu…Standard cad…CSM outreach…Save playboo…

Churn risk & save playbook

Health scoring triggers a save playbook before renewal — how customer success teams catch at-risk accounts early.

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120 days bef…Renewal oppo…Review healt…Quarterly bu…Expansion po…Upsell propo…

Contract renewal process

The 120-day renewal runway for subscription contracts: forecast, QBR, pricing and signature — a standard account-management flow.

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Agent solves…Article exis…Article accu…Link article…Flag for upd…Draft articl…

Knowledge base article lifecycle

Turning repeated tickets into help articles and keeping them accurate — the KCS (knowledge-centred service) loop.

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Customer cal…Greeting & r…Outage annou…Play outage…Main menuOption?

Call centre IVR routing

Phone menu, authentication and skill-based routing to the right agent — the call flow contact-centre teams design and tune.

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NPS survey s…Responded?One reminderScoreAlert CSM wi…Call to unde…

NPS survey closed-loop follow-up

Detractors, passives and promoters each get a different follow-up, and themes feed the roadmap — the closed-loop NPS process.

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Dispute noti…Log dispute…Reason code?Gather: AVS,…Gather: trac…Gather: list…

Chargeback & dispute handling

What a merchant does when a customer disputes a card charge: evidence, representment and outcomes — a payments-ops reference flow.

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Customer ope…Bot greets &…Intent recog…Clarifying q…Recognised n…Offer human…

Chatbot to live agent handoff

When and how a support bot hands over to a human with full context — a key conversational-support design diagram.

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QBR scheduledPull usage &…Compare to s…Goals on tra…Build value…Diagnose gap…

Quarterly business review preparation

Preparing and running a QBR with a key account: data pull, value story, roadmap and joint action plan.

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HR & people operations

Employee lifecycle processes — performance, leave, compensation, offboarding — for HR and people teams.

Review cycle…Employee sel…Peer feedbac…Peers submit…Manager draf…Calibration…

Performance review cycle

Self review, peer feedback, calibration and conversation — the annual or semi-annual review process most companies run.

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Resignation…Voluntary?Notice perio…HR & legal r…Termination…Knowledge tr…

Employee offboarding

Resignation or termination through final pay, access removal and exit interview — the checklist that keeps offboarding secure and humane.

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Employee req…Leave type?Balance suff…Record sickn…HR policy &…Unpaid leave…

Leave & time-off request

Requesting, approving and tracking holiday, sick and parental leave, including cover and balance checks.

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Finance sets…HR pulls mar…Compa-ratio…Guidelines b…Managers pro…Within budge…

Annual compensation review

Budget setting, market benchmarking, manager proposals and approvals — how pay rises and bonuses are decided.

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Internal rol…Employee app…Eligible: te…Career conve…Inform curre…Interviews w…

Internal transfer & promotion

An employee moving to a new role internally: posting, application, manager conversations and transition.

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Complaint re…Acknowledge…Immediate ri…Interim meas…Appoint impa…Interview co…

Harassment complaint investigation

A fair, confidential investigation process from complaint to outcome — a sensitive but essential HR procedure diagram.

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Business pri…Skills gap a…Define learn…Build or buy?Design cours…Select vendor

Learning & development program

Skills gap analysis to measured impact — how L&D teams plan and evaluate training.

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Survey desig…Launch anony…Response rat…Manager nudg…Close & anal…Company-leve…

Engagement survey to action plan

Running an engagement survey and turning results into team-level actions that are tracked — the part most companies skip.

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Offer to int…Immigration…Eligible vis…Remote contr…Collect docu…Employer spo…

Work visa sponsorship process

Sponsoring an international hire: eligibility, filing, approval and relocation — a common HR and immigration workflow.

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Want to hire…Expected hea…Employer of…Set up local…Register com…Local payrol…

Hiring in a new country (EOR)

Choosing between an employer of record and setting up a local entity to hire someone abroad.

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Real estate & property

Leasing, property management, construction and transactions for landlords, agents and facility managers.

Enquiry on l…Schedule vie…Interested?ClosedOnline appli…Identity & r…

Rental application & tenant screening

From enquiry to signed lease: viewing, application, credit and reference checks, and move-in — the letting agent’s core process.

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Tenant repor…Photo & desc…Emergency: g…24/7 emergen…Property man…Tenant-cause…

Property maintenance request

A tenant reports a repair; the property manager triages urgency, dispatches a contractor and closes it out.

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90 days befo…Market rent…Landlord dec…Renewal offe…Tenant respo…New lease or…

Lease renewal & rent review

The 90-day window before a lease ends: market review, offer, negotiation and new term or move-out.

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Decide to se…Agent valuat…Choose agent…Energy certi…Listing liveViewings

Selling a property (seller view)

Valuation through completion from the seller’s side — the path estate agents walk vendors through.

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Site identif…Feasibility…Architect co…Planning app…Planning gra…Revise design

Building construction project phases

Feasibility to handover for a construction project, with planning approval and inspection gates.

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Request: app…Work order c…Categorise:…PriorityRespond with…Respond with…

Facilities work order management

How a facilities team handles requests across buildings: intake, SLA, technician dispatch and asset history.

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Agreement in…Full applica…Upload paysl…Documents co…Request miss…Affordabilit…

Mortgage application process

Agreement in principle through funds released — the lender’s underwriting path for a home loan.

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Guest checks…Smart lock c…Cleaner auto…Clean & chan…Photo checkl…Damage found?

Short-term rental guest turnover

Guest checkout to next check-in for a holiday let: cleaning, inspection, restocking and smart-lock codes.

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Violation ob…Manager insp…Violation co…ClosedCourtesy let…Fixed?

Homeowners association violation process

Complaint, notice, hearing and fines in an HOA or condo association.

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Space requir…Broker short…ToursRequest prop…Compare: ren…Heads of ter…

Commercial lease negotiation

Heads of terms through fit-out for an office or retail lease.

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Logistics & transportation

Freight, fleet, last-mile delivery and customs processes for logistics operators and shippers.

Parcels arri…Scan & sort…Route optimi…Load van in…Customer: ou…Driver arriv…

Last-mile delivery process

Parcel from local depot to doorstep, with route optimisation, failed-delivery handling and proof of delivery.

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Purchase ord…Incoterms ag…Book freight…Cargo ready:…Export custo…Container lo…

International freight import

Booking a container from overseas supplier to your warehouse: freight forwarder, customs clearance and duties.

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Telematics &…Service due…Create work…Safety-criti…Vehicle off…Schedule in…

Fleet vehicle maintenance

Telematics-triggered servicing, inspections and downtime planning for a vehicle fleet.

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Rider reques…Fare estimat…Rider confir…CancelledMatch nearby…Driver accep…

Ride-hailing trip lifecycle

Request, matching, pickup, trip and payment — the core flow behind Uber-style apps.

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Pre-cooled s…Data logger…Refrigerated…IoT temperat…Within 2-8 C?Continue tra…

Cold chain temperature monitoring

Keeping vaccines or fresh food within temperature from dispatch to delivery, with excursion handling.

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Supplier boo…Advance ship…Truck arrive…Unload palle…Scan against…Quantities m…

Warehouse inbound receiving

From dock appointment to put-away: ASN matching, inspection and discrepancy handling.

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Orders cut-o…Geocode addr…Address inva…Contact cust…Cluster by z…Optimise rou…

Delivery dispatch & route planning

Daily planning of orders into routes, driver assignment and live exception management.

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Export orderClassify goo…Controlled i…Licence requ…Apply for ex…Licence gran…

Export compliance & customs

Classifying goods, screening parties and filing export declarations before shipping internationally.

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Passenger ba…Tag printed…Overweight?Pay fee or r…Conveyor to…Alarm?

Airport checked baggage journey

Bag drop to carousel: screening, sortation, transfers and mishandled-bag recovery.

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Return arriv…Scan & ident…Grade condit…GradeRepackageRestock as n…

Reverse logistics & refurbishment

Returned products triaged into restock, refurbish, recycle or liquidate — the circular supply chain.

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Energy, IoT & smart devices

Connected devices, smart homes, EV charging and utility operations.

Device manuf…Unique certi…Device regis…Shipped to c…First power-…Connect to W…

IoT device provisioning & OTA updates

A device from factory to field: secure identity, first connection, and over-the-air firmware updates with rollback.

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Phone arrive…After sunset?Porch & hall…Skip lightsDisarm secur…Anyone else…

Smart home automation routine

An evening routine triggered by presence and time: lights, heating, security and notifications.

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Driver arriv…Charger avai…Join queue i…Plug inAuthorise vi…Start in app

EV charging session

Plug-in to payment at a public EV charger, including authorisation, smart charging and idle fees.

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Outage detec…Outage manag…Predict faul…Customer not…Dispatch crewCrew patrols…

Power outage restoration

How a utility detects, isolates and restores a distribution outage while keeping customers informed.

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Homeowner en…Remote roof…Proposal: sy…Signed?ClosedSite survey

Residential solar installation

Site survey to interconnection for a home solar and battery system.

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Vibration se…Edge gatewayTemperature…Power metersThreshold br…Immediate lo…

Predictive maintenance with sensors

Vibration and temperature sensors feed an anomaly model that schedules maintenance before failure.

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Meter record…Readings sen…Head-end sys…Readings com…Estimate gapsValidation r…

Smart meter to utility bill

Half-hourly readings through validation, tariff calculation and billing.

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Occupancy se…Building man…CO2 sensorsTemperature…Schedules &…Zone occupie…

Building management system control loop

How HVAC, lighting and occupancy sensors are coordinated to cut energy use in an office building.

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Sensor data…On-device al…Event detect…Notify user…Record ECGShare report…

Wearable health alert flow

A smartwatch detects an irregular heart rhythm or fall and escalates to the user, contacts or emergency services.

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River intakeScreeningCoagulation…SedimentationFiltrationDisinfection

Water treatment plant process

Raw water intake through distribution with quality monitoring at each stage.

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Media & content platforms

Publishing, video streaming, podcasting and moderation workflows for media and creator platforms.

Creator uplo…Resumable up…Virus & form…Valid?Rejected wit…Transcode to…

Video upload & streaming pipeline

Upload to playback: transcoding to adaptive bitrates, DRM, CDN delivery and analytics.

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Tip or news…Editor assig…Reporting &…Sources veri…Draft storyDesk editor…

Newsroom story workflow

From tip to published story: assignment, reporting, editing, legal and fact-check.

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Episode ideaResearch & o…Invite guestGuest confir…Tech checkRecord remot…

Podcast production workflow

Topic to published episode: guest booking, recording, editing, show notes and distribution.

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User posts c…Hash match a…Match?Remove & rep…ML classifie…Confidence

User-generated content moderation

Automated classifiers plus human review, appeals and enforcement — how platforms moderate at scale.

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Song masteredArtwork & cr…Register wit…Upload to di…Metadata: IS…Distributor…

Independent music release

Master to streaming platforms: distribution, metadata, pitching and royalties.

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Manuscript s…Agent or dir…Editorial re…Acquire?RejectionContract & a…

Book publishing process

Manuscript to bookshelves: acquisition, editing, design, printing and launch.

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Event schedu…Run of showCameras, aud…Test stream…Stable at ta…Adjust bitra…

Live stream event production

Pre-production through post-event VOD for a professional live broadcast.

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User loads p…Ad tag firesAd server ch…Direct deal…Render adSupply-side…

Programmatic ad serving (RTB)

What happens in the ~100 ms between a page load and an ad appearing: bid request, auction and render.

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Issue plannedDraftEdit & add i…Paid-only or…Paywall afte…Full post

Paid newsletter publishing

Writing, sending and monetising a newsletter with free and paid tiers.

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Photographer…Keywords & m…Review: qual…Accepted?Feedback to…Searchable l…

Stock photo licensing

Contributor upload, review, sale and royalty — how a stock media marketplace works.

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Banking, fintech & insurance

Account opening, payments, KYC, underwriting and claims processes for banks, fintechs and insurers.

Customer sta…Personal det…ID document…Selfie liven…Face matches…Manual review

KYC customer onboarding

Digital account opening with identity verification, sanctions screening and risk rating.

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Customer paysMerchant ter…Payment gatewayAcquirerCard networkIssuing bank

Card payment authorisation & settlement

What happens between tapping a card and the merchant getting paid: acquirer, network, issuer and settlement.

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Accident rep…First notice…Policy cover…Covered?Claim deniedAssign adjus…

Car insurance claim

First notice of loss through repair and payment for a motor claim, with fraud checks and total-loss branch.

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Application…Pre-fill fro…Rating engineWithin autom…Instant quoteRefer to und…

Insurance underwriting

Quote to bound policy: application, rating, risk assessment and referral to an underwriter.

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Transactions…Rules: struc…ML anomaly m…Alert?Level 1 anal…False positi…

AML transaction monitoring

Rules and models flag suspicious activity, analysts investigate, and reports go to regulators.

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Customer ini…Beneficiary…Over daily l…Step-up auth…Sanctions sc…Hit?

International wire transfer

Initiation to beneficiary credit via SWIFT, with screening and FX conversion.

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Cardholder s…Recognises m…Report fraud…Reissue cardContact merc…Resolved wit…

Credit card dispute (cardholder side)

A cardholder disputes an unrecognised charge: provisional credit, investigation and resolution.

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Sender enter…Recipient ha…Invite link…Joins in 14…Refund senderFunds credit…

Peer-to-peer payment (digital wallet)

Sending money to a friend by phone number, including risk checks and instant vs standard payout.

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Applicant re…Health quest…Prescription…Accelerated…Instant deci…Paramedical…

Life insurance application

Application, medical underwriting and policy issue for term life insurance.

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Shopper choo…Redirect to…Identity & s…Approved?Choose anoth…Instalment p…

Buy now, pay later checkout

Soft credit check at checkout, instalment plan and repayment handling.

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Software engineering & state machines

Git workflows, code review, on-call, and state diagrams for common software objects — drawn as flowcharts.

maindevelopfeature bran…Pull request…release bran…QA pass?

Git branching workflow

Feature branches, pull requests, release branches and hotfixes — a GitFlow-style model for teams that ship versioned releases.

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Developer opens…CI: build, t…Checks pass?Fix & pushAuto-assign…Review

Code review process

From opening a pull request to merge: automated checks, reviewer assignment, feedback rounds and approval rules.

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CreatedPending paym…PaidCancelledProcessingRefunded

Order state machine

Every state an e-commerce order can be in and the transitions between them — a classic state diagram drawn as a flowchart.

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CreatedBacklogTo doIn progressBlockedIn review

Issue tracker ticket lifecycle

The states of a Jira-style issue and who moves it between them.

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Rotation sta…Handoff meet…Review open…Primary & se…Page receive…Shift over?

On-call rotation & handoff

Weekly on-call handoff, escalation policy and post-shift review for an engineering team.

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Breaking cha…Design v2 en…Ship v2 alon…Docs & migra…Deprecation…Email API co…

API versioning & deprecation

Introducing a breaking API change safely: new version, migration period, sunset headers and removal.

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Schema chang…Expand: add…Deploy app w…Backfill new…Backfill com…Fix mismatch…

Zero-downtime database migration

The expand-migrate-contract pattern for changing a column or table without taking the app down.

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App opensConnectingHandshake ok?Wait with ex…Send auth to…Authorised?

WebSocket connection lifecycle

Connect, authenticate, heartbeat, reconnect with backoff — the client state machine for real-time apps.

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Read requestIn cache?Near expiry?Return cache…Return value…Lock acquire…

Cache-aside read & write path

How an application reads and writes through a cache with TTLs and invalidation, including stampede protection.

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Book trip re…Reserve flig…Flight ok?Booking fail…Reserve hotelHotel ok?

Distributed transaction saga

Booking a trip across flight, hotel and payment services with compensating actions when a step fails.

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